Walnut consumption increases activation of the insula to highly desirable food cues: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over fMRI study.
AIMS: The use of walnuts is recommended for obesity and type 2 diabetes, although the mechanisms through which walnuts may improve appetite control and/or glycaemic control remain largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine whether short-term walnut consumption could alter the neural control of appetite using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial of 10 patients who received, while living in the controlled environment of a clinical research center, either walnuts or placebo (using a validated smoothie delivery system) for 5 days each, separated by a wash-out period of 1 month. RESULTS: Walnut consumption decreased feelings of hunger and appetite, assessed using visual analog scales, and increased activation of the right insula to highly desirable food cues. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that walnut consumption may increase salience and cognitive control processing of highly desirable food cues, leading to the beneficial metabolic effects observed.
India: MRLs Update
As for nuts and dried fruits, the document proposes changes to the following maximum residue levels (MRL):
- The MRL of alachlor in peanuts is established at 0.05 ppm.
- The MRL of benomyl in peanuts and dried fruits is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of bitertanol in peanuts is established at 0.05 ppm.
- The MRL of carbendazim in peanuts and dried fruits is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of chlorantraniliprole in peanuts is established at 0.03* ppm.
- The MRL of chlorothalonil in peanuts is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of chlorpyriphos in peanuts is established at 0.01* ppm.
- The MRL of deltamethrin in peanuts is established at 0.01* ppm.
- The MRL of dichlorvos in peanuts is established at 0.05 ppm.
- The MRL of mancozeb in peanuts is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of metiram as CS2 in peanuts is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of ethion in dried fruits is established at 0.1 ppm (shell free basis).
- The MRL of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in peanuts is established at 0.01* ppm.
- The MRL of fluazifop-p-butyl in peanuts is established at 0.01* ppm.
- The MRL of fluchloralin in peanuts is established at 0.01** ppm.
- The MRL of flusilazole in peanuts is established at 0.05* ppm.
- The MRL of hexaconazole in peanuts is established at 0.02 ppm.
- The MRL of imidacloprid in peanuts is established at 1 ppm.
- The MRL of lambdacyhalothrin in peanuts is established at 0.01 ppm.
- The MRL of malathion in dried fruits is established at 0.8 ppm.
- The MRL of methomyl in peanuts is established at 0.05 ppm.
- The MRL of myclobutanil in peanuts is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of pendimethalin in peanuts is established at 0.01** ppm.
- The MRL of propiconazole in peanuts is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of quizalofop ethyl in peanuts is established at 0.1 ppm.
- The MRL of tebuconazole in peanuts is established at 0.15 ppm.
- The MRL of thiamethoxam in peanuts is established at 0.05* ppm.
- The MRL of fomesafen in peanuts is established at 0.02* ppm.
- The MRL of imazamoxin peanuts is established at 0.01* ppm.
* MRL fixed at Limit of Quantification (LOQ)
** Insecticides are registered under the Insecticide Act, 1968 (46 of 1968) but label claim for the said commodity are not fixed hence MRL fixed at LOQ
The deadline for comments is October 16, 2017.
More information
http://www.fssai.gov.in/home/fss-legislation/wto-notifications/wto-sps-notifications.html