Nutrition and osteoporosis prevention for the orthopaedic surgeon.
Osteoporosis is a prevalent and debilitating condition with no signs of subsiding. Rising numbers of people consuming nutrient-poor diets coupled with ageing populations and sedentary lifestyles appear to be the main drivers behind this. While the nutrients calcium and vitamin D have received most attention, there is growing evidence that wholefoods and other micronutrients have roles to play in primary and potentially secondary osteoporosis prevention. Until recently, calcium and vitamin D were regarded as the main nutrients essential to bone health but now there are emerging roles for iron, copper and selenium, among others. Fruit and vegetables are still not being eaten in adequate amounts and yet contain micronutrients and phytochemicals useful for bone remodelling (bone formation and resorption) and are essential for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. There is emerging evidence that dried fruits, such as prunes, provide significant amounts of vitamin K, manganese, boron, copper and potassium which could help to support bone health. Just 50 g of prunes daily have been found to reduce bone resorption after six months when eaten by osteopaenic, postmenopausal women. Dairy foods have an important role in bone health. Carbonated drinks should not replace milk in the diet. A balanced diet containing food groups and nutrients needed for bone health across the whole lifecycle may help to prevent osteoporosis. Greater efforts are needed to employ preventative strategies which involve dietary and physical activity modifications, if the current situation is to improve.
Almonds ameliorate glycemic control in Chinese patients with better controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial.
BACKGROUND: Almonds can decrease glycemic index of co-consumed foods and are a rich source for oleic acid and α-tocopherol. The aim of the randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial was to examine whether as compared to NCEP step II diet as control (CON), ~60 g/d almonds (ALM) added to CON would improve glucoregulation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 33 Chinese T2DM patients. METHODS: Forty T2DM patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive CON or ALM for 12 wks after a 2-wk. run-in period. Blood and urine samples were collected in the beginning and at the end of each dietary intervention phase for the assessment of biomarkers of glucoregulation, lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress. RESULTS: While ALM had a better overall nutritional quality than CON, neither ALM nor CON improved the glycemic status as the primary study outcome and other CVD risk factors, except the circulating nitric oxide being decreased by ALM compared to CON. Among 27 of 33 patients with the baseline HbA1c ≤8, ALM decreased post-interventional fasting serum glucose and HbA1c by 5.9% and 3.0% as compared to that of CON, respectively (P = 0.01 and 0.04). Mean total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were not changed by both diets. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest almonds incorporated into healthful diets can improve glycemic status in diabetic patients with a better glycemic control.
Cranberries improve postprandial glucose excursions in type 2 diabetes.
Recent research supports a favorable role of cranberries on cardiometabolic health. Postprandial metabolism, especially hyperglycemia, has been shown to be an independent cardiovascular risk and few clinical studies have reported the role of berries in improving postprandial dysmetabolism. We investigated the postprandial effects of dried cranberries following a high-fat breakfast challenge in obese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), in a randomized crossover trial. Blood draw and vascular measurements were conducted at fasting, 1, 2 and 4 hours (h), following the consumption of a fast-food style high-fat breakfast (70 g fat, 974 kcal) with or without cranberries (40 g). Analyses of our data (n = 25; BMI (kg m-2) (mean ± s.d.) = 39.5 ± 6.5; age (years) = 56 ± 6) revealed that postprandial increases in glucose were significantly lower in the cranberry vs. control at 2 & 4 h (p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in insulin, insulin resistance evaluated by homeostasis model assessment, lipid profiles and blood pressure between the cranberry and control groups. Among the biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation, postprandial serum interleukin-18 and malondialdehyde were significantly lower at 4 h, and serum total nitrite was higher at 2 h in the cranberry vs. control group (all p < 0.05). No effects were noted on C-reactive protein or interlukin-6. Overall, dietary cranberries had notable effects in improving high-fat breakfast induced postprandial glucose and selected biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation in participants with T2DM. These findings provide evidence that adding whole cranberries to a high-fat meal may improve postprandial blood glucose management and warrant further investigation.
Impact of providing walnut samples in a lifestyle intervention for weight loss: a secondary analysis of the HealthTrack trial.
Background: Being more specific about individual food choices may be advantageous for weight loss. Including a healthy food (e.g. walnuts) may help to expose effects. Objective: To examine the impact of including walnuts in diets for weight loss. Design: Secondary analysis of the HealthTrack lifestyle intervention trial. Overweight and obese participants were randomized to: usual care (C), interdisciplinary intervention including individualized dietary advice (I), or interdisciplinary intervention including 30 g walnuts/day (IW). Changes in body weight, energy intake, intake of key foods, physical activity, and mental health over three and 12 months were explored. Results: A total of 293 participants completed the intensive three-month study period, and 175 had data available at 12 months. The IW group achieved the greatest weight loss at three months. IW reported significant improvements in healthy food choices, and decreased intakes of discretionary foods/beverages, compared to C. Weight loss remained greatest in IW at 12 months. Discussion: Significant effects were seen after three months, with the IW group achieving greater weight loss and more favorable changes in food choices. Conclusions: Including 30 grams walnuts/day in an individualized diet produced weight loss and positive changes in food choice.
Nut intake and 5-year changes in body weight and obesity risk in adults: results from the EPIC-PANACEA study.
PURPOSE: There is inconsistent evidence regarding the relationship between higher intake of nuts, being an energy-dense food, and weight gain. We investigated the relationship between nut intake and changes in weight over 5 years. METHODS: This study includes 373,293 men and women, 25-70 years old, recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 10 European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Habitual intake of nuts including peanuts, together defined as nut intake, was estimated from country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Body weight was measured at recruitment and self-reported 5 years later. The association between nut intake and body weight change was estimated using multilevel mixed linear regression models with center/country as random effect and nut intake and relevant confounders as fixed effects. The relative risk (RR) of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate Poisson regressions stratified according to baseline body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: On average, study participants gained 2.1 kg (SD 5.0 kg) over 5 years. Compared to non-consumers, subjects in the highest quartile of nut intake had less weight gain over 5 years (-0.07 kg; 95% CI -0.12 to -0.02) (P trend = 0.025) and had 5% lower risk of becoming overweight (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.98) or obese (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99) (both P trend <0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of nuts is associated with reduced weight gain and a lower risk of becoming overweight or obese.
China: MRLs Update
The Standard sets 421 maximum residue limits (MRLs) for 112 pesticides, including 2,4-D butylate, etc. in foods. The final date for comments is September 18, 2017.
The Foreign Agricultural Service of the United States Department of Agriculture released an unofficial translation of the standard.
Canada: MRLs Update
The PMRL for cyclaniliprole in tree nuts (crop group 14-11) is set at 0.03 ppm. The final date for comments is October 11, 2017.
Consultation on Cyclaniliprole, Proposed Maximum Residue Limit PMRL2017-24.
Canada: New Templates for Nutrition Facts
Companies producing and selling food products in Canada must meet the new regulatory requirements for food labels. To help the food and packaging industry in meeting format specifications, Health Canada has published an updated compendium of templates for Nutrition Facts Tables and List of Ingredients.
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Book your Space for GulFood 2018! Early Bird Ends October 1
http://www.nutfruit.org/what-we-do/events/inc-pavilion/detail/gulfood-dubai-2018
Hurry up and take advantage of the Early Bird rates! If you book your INC Pavilion space for GulFood Dubai before October 1 you will benefit from lower rates. Additionally, as usual, Co-exhibitors joining the INC Pavilion in GulFood will get a 30% discount for advertising in the Nutfruit magazine.
Launched as a biennial trade fair in 1987, GulFood has grown dramatically to reach more than 120 countries (now annually) embracing 5,000 local, regional and international exhibitors to showcase those food trends and innovations shaping the future worldwide.
Around 95,000 visitors are estimated to visit its eight food sectors every year including, among others, pulses, grains and cereals, beverages, dairy and world food. The INC Pavilion will be located at Hall 2 - Pulses/Grain & Cereals, which guarantees high visitor-traffic.
Sponsorship Opportunities for GulFood 2018
INC offers its members an exclusive platform to enhance their brand and promote their products/services in front of specific and well-targeted audiences. Three levels of sponsorship opportunities are available for INC members:
4.000€ - Cocktail Sponsor: The cocktail results in a meeting point for the entire industry. Companies sponsoring this event gain an excellent opportunity to promote its brand in front of top business leaders attending such a classic celebration. This sponsorship opportunity includes:
- Sign at the Pavilion’s entrance while the cocktail is being held.
- Corporate handouts to be placed at the INC welcome desk and meeting rooms.
- Company logo published on INC publications (mention in the Nutfruit magazine, listing on INC website, newsletter and post Pavilion video), Pavilion’s main-front banner and TV screens placed at the hospitality area.
- Corporate handouts to be placed at the INC welcome desk and meeting rooms.
- Company logo published on INC publications (mention in the Nutfruit magazine, listing on INC website, newsletter and post Pavilion video), Pavilion’s main-front banner and TV screens placed at the hospitality area.
Nut Consumption Linked to Higher Survival Rates in Colon Cancer
The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, investigated the effect of nut intake on colon cancer recurrence and survival. The study included 826 patients who had undergone treatment for stage III of colon cancer. Participants reported dietary intake with food frequency questionnaires and results found a 42% improvement in disease-free survival, and a 57% improvement in overall survival among patients who ate at least 2 servings of nuts per week compared to non-nut consumers.
Fadelu, T., Niedzwiecki, D., Zhang, S., Ye, X., Saltz, L., Mayer, R. J., ... & Atienza, D. M. (2017). Nut consumption and survival in stage III colon cancer patients: Results from CALGB 89803 (Alliance).