Snacking on Whole Almonds for Six Weeks Increases Heart Rate Variability during Mental Stress in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Effect of Tree Nuts Consumption on Serum Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Individuals: A Systematic Review.
The Role of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts on an Experimental Model of Painful Degenerative Joint Disease.
Flexible Supercapacitors Prepared Using the Peanut-Shell-Based Carbon.
In this work, we report the fabrication and performance of supercapacitors made from carbonized peanut shells, which are renewable materials with a huge annual yield and are usually discarded directly by people. With proper treatment, peanut shells could be used for many applications. Herein, we demonstrate that the peanut shells treated with carbonization and activation processes not only possess an extremely high surface area but also provide a hierarchical structure for energy storage. The performance of the electrode can be further improved by nitrogen doping and adding graphene oxide to the electrode. The electrode shows a specific capacitance of 289.4 F/g, which can be maintained at an acceptable level even at a high scanning rate. In addition, a good capacitance retention of 92.8% after 5000 test cycles demonstrates that the electrode possesses an excellent electrochemical property.
Investigation of effectiveness of pyrolysis products on removal of alizarin yellow GG from aqueous solution: A comparative study with commercial activated carbon.
The increasing use of dyestuff in industrial applications brings with it environmental problems. These dyes, which are an eco-toxic hazard, are common water pollutants, even at very low concentrations in water resources. Therefore, they must be removed in an economical way. In this study, low-cost biosorbents such as pine cone char, walnut shell char, and hazelnut shell char were prepared by pyrolysis process at different carbonization temperatures in the range of 400-700 °C. Biochars with the highest surface area were used to remove alizarin yellow GG from aqueous solution and the adsorption capacities of these materials were compared to commercially available activated carbon. Biomasses and prepared biochars were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetry analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, partial and elemental analysis techniques. Operational parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration were considered as variables for the batch adsorption experiments. Among the biochars used, the highest adsorption efficiency (82%) was obtained in pine cone char (BET surface area 259.74 m2/g) at pH = 3, T = 45 °C, adsorbent dosage of 8 g/L, and initial dye concentration of 20 ppm. The adsorption mechanism has been investigated by applying different kinetic and isotherm models with the aid of time-dependent adsorption data. The adsorption process was best described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model.
Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide modified magnetic biochar from pine nut shells for efficient removal of acid chrome blue K.
Biochar was prepared by rapid pyrolysis using pine nut shell as raw materials. Then cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide modified magnetic biochar material (CTAB-MC) was obtained after modifying biochar by FeCl3 and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The CTAB-MC was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD and Magnetic analyses. Adsorptive property of the CTAB-MC for acid chrome blue K (AK) was studied. It was found that adsorption capacity was affected by solution pH, temperature, adsorption time, initial concentration and ionic strength. The CTAB-MC showed higher adsorption ability toward acid chrome blue K, which was up to 40% higher than that of MC. The experimental results showed that adsorption data of AK on the CTAB-MC well conformed to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The CTAB-MC can be recycled three times. This work reveals that CTAB-MC is a promising adsorbent with broad application prospects.
Characterization and Application of Gelatin Films with Pecan Walnut and Shell Extract (Carya Illinoiensis).
Phenolic compounds that come from natural products are a good option for minimizing lipid oxidation. It should be noted that these are not only introduced directly into the food, but also incorporated into edible biofilms. In contact with food, they extend its useful life by avoiding contact with other surface and preventing deterioration air, one of the main objectives. In particular, gelatin is a biopolymer that has a great potential due to its abundance, low cost and good film-forming capacity. The aim of this study has been to design and analyse gelatin films that incorporate bioactive compounds that come from the walnut and a by-product, the walnut shell. The results showed that mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the developed films varied depending on the concentration of the walnut, shell and synthetic antioxidant. With increasing walnut concentration (15%) the permeability to water vapor (0.414 g·mm/m2·day·Pascal, g·mm/m2·day·Pa) was significantly lower than the control (5.0368 g·mm/m2·day·Pa). Furthermore, in the new films the elongation at the break and Young's modulus decrease by six times with respect to the control. Films with pure gelatin cannot act as an antioxidant shield to prevent food oxidation, but adding pecan walnut (15% concentration) presents 30% inhibition of the DPPH stable radical. Furthermore, in the DSC, the addition of walnut (15 and 9% concentrations), showed the formation of big crystals; which could improve the thermal stability of gelatin films. The use of new gelatin films has shown good protection against the oxidation of beef patties, increasing the useful lifetime up to nine days, compared to the control (3-4 days), which opens up a big field to the commercialization of meat products with lower quantities of synthetic products.
Adsorption of hexavalent chromium using modified walnut shell from solution.
Modified walnut shell (MWS) was obtained using diethylenetriamine through a grafting reaction and its adsorption capacity toward Cr(VI) was enhanced. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis and the results showed that the modification was effective. To optimize experimental conditions, the effect of temperature, solution pH, salinity, contact time, and Cr(VI) concentration on adsorption quantity were performed in batch mode. It showed that the adsorption ability for Cr(VI) onto MWH can reach 50.1 mg·g-1 at 303 K with solution pH 3. Both the solution pH and salinity had a great impact on the adsorption capacity. The Langmuir model can predict the equilibrium process while the pseudo-second-order model can describe the kinetic process. The Yan model can be used to predict the column process. Additionally, there was also some regeneration ability for Cr-loaded MWH. Consequently, MWS is effective for removing Cr(VI) from solution.
Application of Walnut Shells-Derived Biopolyol in the Synthesis of Rigid Polyurethane Foams.
This study aimed to examine rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam properties that were synthesized from walnut shells (WS)-based polyol. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that the liquefaction of walnut shells was successfully performed. The three types of polyurethane (PUR) foams were synthesized by replacement of 10, 20, and 30 wt% of a petrochemical polyol with WS-based polyol. The impact of WS-based polyol on the cellular morphology, mechanical, thermal, and insulating characteristics of PUR foams was examined. The produced PUR foams had apparent densities from 37 to 39 kg m-3, depending on the weight ratio of WS-based polyol. PUR foams that were obtained from WS-based polyol exhibited improved mechanical characteristics when compared with PUR foams that were derived from the petrochemical polyol. PUR foams produced from WS-based polyol showed compressive strength from 255 to 310 kPa, flexural strength from 420 to 458 kPa, and impact strength from 340 to 368 kPa. The foams that were produced from WS-based polyol exhibited less uniform cell structure than foams derived from the petrochemical polyol. The thermal conductivity of the PUR foams ranged between 0.026 and 0.032 W m-1K-1, depending on the concentration of WS-based polyol. The addition of WS-based polyol had no significant influence on the thermal degradation characteristics of PUR foams. The maximum temperature of thermal decomposition was observed for PUR foams with the highest loading of WS-based polyol.
The effect of pistachio by‐product extracts treatment in protecting soybean meal and canola meal protein from rumen microbial degradation.
Background: The industrial de-hulling of fresh pistachio generates a large quantity of pistachio by-products (PBP). This study was carried out to investigate the effects of treating soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) with tannin extracts derived from PBP on the protein fractions according to Cornell Net Carbohydrates and Protein System (CNCPS), rumen degradability and ruminal and post-ruminal crude protein (CP) disappearance in an in situ trials using 3 fistulated steers. The extracts of PBP were obtained via different solvents and then added to SBM and CM, so that the final concentrations of added tannins were 0, 5 and 10 g kg-1 dry matter basis. Results: The CNCPS soluble proteins (fractions A + B1 ) of CP and B1 fraction of CP were lower (P < 0.01) in SBM and CM treated with PBP extracts than untreated meals. Treating SBM with different PBP extracts (except 5 g kg-1 tannin water extract) and CM with 5 g kg-1 tannin water extract and 10 g kg-1 tannin ethanol extract decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal disappearance of CP. From the in situ results, the rapidly degradable fraction (a) of CP decreased (P < 0.01) by treating SBM with different PBP extracts and CM with 5 and 10 g kg-1 tannin water extracts; whereas the slowly degradable fraction (b) of CP remained unchanged in SBM. Treatment of SBM and CM with PBP extracts decreased (P < 0.01) the effective degradability of crude protein (EDCP) estimated with different outflow rates. Conclusion: Some of the tannin extracts derived from PBP by water, ethanol and methanol could be effective on protein protection of SBM and CM from degradation in the rumen; however, the use of tannin from water extracts can be more economical and practical.